Abstract Background Intravenous administration of amino acid (AA) formulation (IVAA) as intradialytic parenteral nutrition is widely used for malnourished patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with hemodialysis (HD) or hemodiafiltration (HDF).Although various therapy recipes such as AA compositions or simultaneous administration of
Microglia-mediated inflammation plays a significant role in neuronal and vascular damage in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the mechanism linking inflammation, neurodegeneration, and impaired vascular integrity is still unclear.Previous studies from diabetic mouse models showed accumulation of fibrinogen at vessel lesions surrounded by perivascular
Although measurement of intracranial pressure by noninvasive methods has been suggested, but mainly invasive methods are used for this purpose-Increase in episcleral venous pressure can be expected to Shatavari result in a linear increase in intraocular pressure.Congested oculat veins with capillary leakage and hemorrhage are seen when the ICP is i
Abstract Background Real-world observational data are an important source of evidence on the treatment effectiveness for patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).However, observational studies evaluating treatment effectiveness based on longitudinal data are often prone to methodological biases such as immortal time bias, conf
Abstract Immunosenescence is age-associated changes in the immunological functions, including diminished acquired immunity against infection, pro-inflammatory traits, and increased risk of autoimmunity.The proportions of memory-phenotype T cells in the peripheral T cell population steadily increase with age, but the relationship between this change